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Elements of the Policy-Making System from An Introduction to the Policy Process- - Manish Jain - 03-31-2020

Elements of the Policy-Making System
An Introduction to the Policy Process
Thomas A. Birkland

The term “policy process” suggests that there is some sort of system that translates policy ideas into actual policies that are implemented and have positive effects. Traditionally, public policy textbooks have presented what is known as the “textbook model” or “stages model” of the policy process
This figure serves both as an overview of the process, and, to some extent, the organization for this book. In this model public problems emerge in a society through
various means, including sudden events like disasters or through the advocacy activities of concerned citizens and interest groups. If the issue gains sufficient
attention it is said to have reached the agenda, a process described in chapter 6. Given the size and complexity of governance in the United States and the number
of governments—over 80,000, from the federal government to the smallest local water district—there are lots of problems and lots of ideas on many agendas....

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